1.
Seasonal Variations In The Testicular And Seminal Characteristics Of Cholistani Bulls
by Umer Farooq | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib Rehman | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: All the indigenous cattle of Pakistan belong to Zebu (one-humped) cattle (Bos indicus). There are 15 recognized indigenous breeds of cattle which constitute 43% of the total cattle population in the country. Hefty work has been documented on many aspects of Sahiwal and Red Sindhi breeds of cattle in their respective local climates which have rightly gained them an international fame as being the vital tropical milk breeds of Pakistan. However, scanty work has so far been reported on reproductive indices of other indigenous cattle breeds of Pakistan such as Dajal, Cholistani etc under their local climatic conditions, and their potential still remains unearthed. Hence, it is the dire need of time to comprehend the urgency of protection and propagation of the indigenous cattle breeds of Pakistan at every front.
Following the global lead, an effort has been made through the present study to highlight a formerly neglected indigenous cattle breed of Pakistan- Cholistani- being reared by the nomadic herders of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The study was executed with a specific objective to assess baseline data, seasonal variations and correlations between various non invasive, readily measurable reproductive [age, body weight (BW) and orchidometric parameters viz. scrotal circumference (SC), scrotal skin fold thickness (SSFT), average testicular length (Avg L), average testicular width (Avg W) and paired testicular volume (PTV)], seminal (fresh semen and seminal plasma) and haematobiochemical attributes of Cholistani AI bulls (n=06). Keeping in view the prevailing climatic conditions of the study area, 4 seasons of 2 months duration each were defined as i) stress free autumn (October-November), ii) stressful winter (December-January), stressful dry summer (May-June) and iv) stressful wet summer (July-August).
The overall mean values (± SEM) for age, BW, SC, SSFT and PTV in the present study were 92.83±2.63months, 527.55±4.5kg, 35.39±0.28cm, 1.03±0.02cm and 851.84±16.34cm3, respectively. The BW was recorded to be significantly lower (P<0.05) during the stress free autumn (507.08±8.26kg), however no significant difference was found in the remaining stressful seasons of winter, dry and wet summer. The SSFT was significantly higher (P<0.05) in stress free autumn (1.07±0.04cm) and winter (1.13±0.05cm) being followed by that in wet summer (0.97±0.02cm) and dry summer (0.94±0.03cm). SC and PTV were found to be constant during all the study seasons with no significant variation. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were noticed between various traits.
The overall mean values (± SEM) for ejaculatory volume, number of ejaculates per bull, mass motility, individual sperm motility, number of dozes frozen per bull, sperm concentration, live sperm, morphologically normal sperm and those with acrosome integrity in the present study were 4.92±0.14mL, 1.89±0.02, 2.26±0.06, 63.51±1.03%, 208.26±8.42, 989.73±27.4million/mL, 86.74±0.55%, 86.34±0.51% and 86.64±0.48%, respectively. In general, all the seminal attributes revealed significantly (P<0.05) better results in stressful seasons as compared to stress free season, with the exception of number of ejaculates per bull which was not affected significantly by seasons.
In terms of semen production, a total of 39778 doses of 0.5 mL straws were frozen during the study period. Significantly higher number of doses per bull (P<0.05) was frozen during dry (245.37±17.84) and wet summer (250.37±17.75) as compared to autumn (191.4±14.22) and winter (143.92±11.25); the difference between the latter two seasons was also significant, while it was non significant between the former two seasons
Regarding the subjective analysis of spermatozoa, higher (P<0.05) mean values were recorded for all three parameters (live, morphologiclly normal and acrosome intact sperm) during stressful winter and dry summer as compared to wet summer and autumn, the difference between the former two seasons was, however, non significant. Moreover, mean values for these attributes were significantly higher during wet summer as compared to autumn. Amongst the physical attributes of semen, only mass motility revealed a significantly positive (P<0.01) correlation with individual sperm motility (r 0.619). However, regarding the subjective analyses, live sperm had a positive correlation with normal (r 0.848) and with acrosome integral sperm (r 0.790).
In seminal plasma chemistry, the overall mean values (± SEM) for Na+, K+, cholesterol and glucose recorded in the present study were 236.41±4.2, 142.95±3.81, 152.02±3.17 and 127.22±3.65 mg%, respectively. Amongst these, Na+ was significantly higher (P<0.05) during dry summer (270.35±8.89mg%) whereas K+ was higher in dry summer (169.1±5.54mg%) and winter (154.80±6.29mg%). Cholesterol and glucose were found to be significantly elevated (P<0.05) during dry summer season being 173.7±4.24 and 147.95±7.74mg%, respectively. Na+ had a significantly positive (P<0.05) correlation with glucose (r 0.232). Similarly, positive (P<0.01) correlations were seen for K+ with Na+ (r 0.341) and cholesterol (r 0.390).
The overall mean values (± SEM) for Hb, TEC, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC recorded for the Cholistani AI bulls in the present study were 12.24±0.15mg/dL, 6.28±0.82×106/µL, 37.3±0.4%, 59.77±0.61fL, 19.58±0.2pg and 32.89±0.33g/dL, respectively. Regarding the white blood cell values, the overall means (± SEM) for TLC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were 7.58±0.17×103/µL, 40.45±1.05%, 53.2±0.85%, 4.05±0.47% and 2.3±0.26%, respectively. DLC, in the present study, revealed that the lymphocytes were the predominant leukocytes followed by neutrophils. No significant effect (P<0.05) of season was noticed on any of the red blood cell values studied. However, TLC amongst the white blood cell values was found to be significantly higher in dry summer (8.16±0.28×103/µL).
The overall mean values (± SEM) for blood serum NA+, K+, cholesterol and glucose recorded for the present study were 130.73±0.91, 7.37±0.11, 82.8±1.52 and 75.22±2.04mg%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between mass and individual sperm motility, morphologically normal and live sperm and sperm acrosome integrity and live sperm (P<0.01). Among biochemical attributes of seminal plasma, Na+ and K+, cholesterol and K+ and glucose and Na+ were correlated (P<0.01). Only seminal plasma cholesterol was positively correlated with ejaculatory volume (P<0.01).
An overall mean value of 5.81±0.32ng/mL was recorded in the present study for testosterone being non significantly effected by seasons. All its correlations with all attributes studied were found to be non significant.
In conclusion, various physical and biochemical attributes of Cholistani bull semen were better in stressful seasons as compared to stress free season. The acceptable quality of semen of Cholistani bulls recorded during wet/dry summer in the present study is an indicative of the fact that this breed has an innate ability of being well adapted to the harsh, hot desert climate. Furthermore, the present study revealed that the Cholistani breeding bulls have an amazing tendency to maintain most of their haematobiochemical parameters at a near constant level without showing much variation during stress free or stressful times.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1739,T] (1).
2.
Evaluation Of Comparative Effects Of Zinc Bacitracin, Lactobacillus And Mannan Oligosaccharide On Morphometric Characteristics of Tibia Bone in Broilers
by Muhammad Arshad Javid | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehma.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background
Bone is metabolically self-motivated organ and it undertakes continuous remodeling. Skeleton provides structural support to the birds and serves as an important source of minerals like phosphorus and calcium. Bone strength and hardness is due to organic and inorganic sources. Bone mineralization is directly related to the bone density. Bone weakness is an important skeletal problem which causes economic losses in poultry industry. Leg bone deformities adversely affect the bird's performance. Antibiotics and its alternatives like probiotics and prebiotics in the feed have beneficial effect on bone health and bone quality in broilers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comparative effects of antibiotic, probiotic and prebiotic on morphometric characteristics of tibia bone in broilers.
Materials and Methods
160 one day old broiler chicks were reared under environmentally controlled conditions. The chicks were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates. Group I was served as control and fed only basal diet. Group II was given BD + 0.04% Zn bacitracin, group III was given BD + 0.1% lactobacillus based probiotic andgroup IV was given BD + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide. On day 35, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. Blood samples were collected for determination ofserum ALP level. Right and left tibia of each bird was separated and immersed in boiling water (1000C) for 10 minutes. Specimens were cooled at room temperature. Flesh was removed from each bone. After this, bone weight and bone length was
Summary
measured. Diaphysis diameter and medullary canal diameter was measured with digital caliper. Dry tibia bones were burnt in a muffle furnace at 5600C for 24 hours to calculate the %age bone ash.
Results
The results revealed that tibia bone weight, length, thickness of medial wall and lateral wall, %bone ash and tibiotarsal index of broilers supplemented with zinc bacitracin, lactobacillus based probiotic and mannan oligosaccharide presented the significant values (P<0.05) as compared to the control group. However, weight/length of bone index of broilers supplemented with lactobacillus based probiotic and mannan oligosaccharide presented the higher values (P<0.05) than the control and zinc bacitracin supplemented groups. Medullary canal diameter of control group was higher (P<0.05) than all the supplemented groups. Diaphysis diameter and robusticity index presented the no significant difference between the control group and all supplemented groups. Between different supplemented groups, tibia bone weight and weight/length index of broilers supplemented with lactobacillus based probiotic were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the zinc bacitracin supplemented group. Serum alkaline phosphatase level of all supplemented groups was lower than the control group.
Conclusion
It is concluded that antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics improve the bone morphometric characteristics, bone density and bone quality in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1786,T] (1).
3.
Seasonal Variations In Libido Semen Quality Freezability And Fertility Of Cholistani Bulls
by Syed Aamer mahmood | Prof. Dr. Ijaz ahmad | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1901,T] (1).
4.
Single Or Combined Effects Of Probiotics And Gallic Acid Supplementation On Serum Biochemistry In Dexamethasone
by Fahad mahmood | Dr. Muhammad shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof. Dr. habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2045,T] (1).
5.
Single And Combined Effects Of Curcuma Longa And Probiotics Supplementation On Zootechnical Parameters Serm
by Nazish saleem | Muhammad Shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2059,T] (1).
6.
Reaponse Of Lactobacillus Based Probiotics Supplementation On Serum Biochemical Metabolites And Hepatic Enzymes in Hypothyroid Mice
by Fareeha Ch | Dr. M.Shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof Dr. Habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2089,T] (1).
7.
Response Of Lactobacillus Based Probiotics Supplementation On Zootechnical Parameters Bone Health
by Hira Najeeb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2099,T] (1).
8.
Single And Combned Effect Of Turmeric And Probiotic Supplementation On Serum Lioid And Creatinine Profile In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
by Salman Zafar | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2106,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Feed Efficiency And Serum Biochemistry In Broilers
by Abida Niazi | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2156,T] (1).
10.
In Vitro Effects Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Electrophysiological Indices Of Jejunal Mucosa Of Laying Hens
by Wajeeha Mehmood (2013-VA-899) | Prof. Dr. Habib-Ur-Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Zn is a vital micro-nutrient in living body and food industries have been using Zn as feed additive in animal diets. Previous studies presented that the performance of organic Zn differ from inorganic Zn due to higher bioavailability of organic Zn than that of inorganic Zn, but the addition of organic Zn in animal diet is costly. Therefore, to fulfil animal’s requirements, Zn is added in excess than the normal requirement. This can leads to environmental pollution when stool with excess Zn is released outside. Also the excess dietary Zn may cause other trace elements and vitamins. NPs are regarded to be highly absorbed into the gastrointestinal systems than larger particles. ZnO NPs in lesser quantity instead of bulk-sized ZnO, can be a better option. Different zinc salts affects the intestinal ion transport. There is less information about ZnO NPs effects on intestinal transport. The current study is established to study the in vitro effects of ZnO NPs on electrophysiological properties and its flux across jejunal mucosa of laying hens. Twelve White Leghorn laying hens were procured from a local commercial farm, kept in a shed and provided with feed and water ad libitum. After a week the birds were killed and jejunum was then removed, washed and conveyed in ice-cold oxygenated buffer to the laboratory within 5 minutes. Four segments were taken out of jejunum and designated with four groups (Control, ZnO 70 µM, ZnO NPs 70 µM and ZnO 35 µM). Each of the segment were mounted on separate UC. After mounting, twenty minutes were given to the tissues for equilibration under open circuit and then short-circuited by clamping the voltage at 0 mV. After getting the base line, the ZnO NPs and ZnO were added in separate chambers. The ZnO NPs or ZnO was added to the mucosal compartment of the Ussing chamber where its response was noted. Glucose was added after the incubation of approximately twenty to twenty five minutes. The electrical response was measured as the peak response obtained two minutes after the addition of glucose. The change in Isc (∆Isc) was estimated after addition of ZnO, ZnO NPs and glucose. Presentation of data was done as means ± S.E.M. The data was analyzed using One-Way Analysis of variance. The group differences were compared by the Post Hoc Tukey Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The result showed that there was an obvious decrease in Isc of tissue treated with ZnO (Group II) but a slight increase in Isc was observed when segments treated with ZnO NPs at 70 µM and 35 µM concentration (Group III and IV). Statistically, the mean ∆Isc values of Group II was significantly different from control, Group III and IV. While Group III and IV were not significantly different from control. Also, no change existed between Group III and IV. A significant decline in glucose induced Isc was observed in tissue of Group II as compare to control, Group III and IV. There was a slight non-significant decline in glucose induced Isc when treated with ZnO NPs at 70 µM and 35 µM concentration. In conclusion, ZnO NPs are not showing any significant interference with the ionic and glucose transport and can be used as a food supplement to fulfil Zn demands. On the other hand, ZnO suppress Cl- ion secretion and glucose transport in vitro. Further confirmation of these fact needs more studies with more decreased dose of ZnO NPs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2439-T] (1).
11.
In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Menthol On Electrophysiological Indices Of Isolated Rumen Epithelium In Goat
by Najma Khan (2014-VA-506) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Ammonia is product of protein metabolism and its reabsorption occur by non-selective cation channels across rumen epithelium otherwise it will not be available as non-protein nitrogen source and excreted out causing hazard to environment. At physiological pH, ammonia is present as NH4+ in rumen and its transport leads to electrophysiological changes. It was reported that addition of menthol to the isolated rumen epithelium of cattle cause electrophysiological changes, primarily linked to the ammonium transport suggesting presence of non-selective cation channels. Addition of cation channel modulators such as menthol to diet can enhance absorption of nitrogen in the rumen. Scarce data was available for rumen epithelium of goats which has a large contribution in livestock population and has a great potential for mutton market revealing effect of cation channel modulators on electrophysiology and ammonium transport. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of menthol on electrophysiological changes and its link to ammonia transport in the isolated rumen epithelium of goats.
Hypothesis
Menthol may affect the electrophysiology of the isolated rumen epithelium of goats and enhance ammonia transport across rumen epithelium.
Methodology
Ten goats of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughtered in a local slaughter house. Reticulorumen was removed from the abdominal cavity and cleaned in a standard transport buffer solution. Serosal layer of rumen was removed and mounted in the Ussing chamber. Rumen epithelium was incubated with transport buffer solution and after 20 minutes replaced with ammonia containing buffer solution (10mM and 40mM respectively)
46
and changes in bioelectric parameters were observed. Menthol in concentration of 1mM was added to mucosal side and electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt were observed. Moreover, pH of serosal side was checked after menthol treatment at time intervals 20, 60 and 90 minutes respectively to assess ammonia transport.
Results
Menthol affected the electrophysiology of isolated rumen epithelium of goats by increasing short circuit current due to increase in ammonia concentrations in the rumen. Menthol addition in 40mM NH4Cl containing solution significantly increased current (p value = 0.00). ΔIsc was also significant between the groups containing 10 and 40mM NH4Cl containing solution. Change in potential difference was significant after addition of menthol in both groups (P = 0.00). Conductance increased significantly by increasing concentration of ammonia (p value = 0.03). PH of serosal side decreased, suggesting possible NH4+ uptake, while on mucosal side increase in pH was observed.
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc test LSD. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusion
Menthol treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated rumen epithelium of goat presumably by opening non-selective cation channels and enhances ammonium transport across rumen epithelium increasing recycling of nitrogen. This may leads to efficient protein utilization by the animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2558-T] (1).
12.
Comparative Morphological Study Of Gastrointestinal Organs Of Domestic And Wild Migratory Duck In Pakistan
by Muhammad Shuaib (2015-VA-1059) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Prof. Dr. Habib-Ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Reported literature provides limited information on histology and histomorphometry of its GIT organs and gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of wild duck (Gadwall; Anas strepera). This study seeks to document histology and histomorphometric features of above-mentioned organs of Gadwall and compare them to those of the domestic duck.
Seven adult domestic and wild ducks were collected from local market and Chashma Barrage, Mianwali, respectively. After slaughtering, samples from esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, pyloric tonsils, small intestine and cecal segments were collected. GIT and visceral organs length and weight were recorded respectively. All the samples were processed by paraffin embedding technique followed by H&E and Alcian blue-PAS staining techniques. The slides were observed under bright field microscope for measurements (LABOMED® USA). For esophagus, thicknesses of layers of its wall were recorded. For proventriculus and gizzard, histological description was considered. For small intestines, villus height, width and surface area, crypt depth, thickness of lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and tunica muscularis were recorded, and IELs and goblet cells were counted. For pyloric and cecal tonsils, height, width, number and distribution area of lymphatic nodules were recorded. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data (mean ± SEM). Differences was considered significant at p<0.05.
The results showed that in wild ducks live body weight was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks esophagus length was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weight of the esophagus was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weights (filled and empty) of proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks.
Summary
43
In wild ducks large intestine length was higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks relative weights of spleen, pyloric tonsils and Bursa of Fabricius were higher as compared to the domestic ducks.
The results of histomorphometry of the different layers of esophagus showed that epithelium thickness was lower in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. While thickness of the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were higher in the wild duck as compared to the domestic ducks. In the duodenum villus width, villus surface area and muscularis mucosa thickness were found lower in the wild ducks, as compared to the domestic ducks. In the jejunum thickness of lamina propria and tunica muscularis were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks villus height, villus surface area, crypt depth and tunica muscularis thickness of ileum were higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In cecal and pyloric tonsils, length width and number of the lymphatic nodules were lower and higher respectively in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks, intraepithelial lymphocytes count in duodenum was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. While the intraepithelial lymphocytes count in ileum was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In duodenum of wild ducks acidic, mixed goblet cell count and their total count was lower (p<0.05) as compared to the duodenum of domestic ducks.
In conclusion wild duck has slightly better developed immune and GIT organs than those of the domestic duck. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2791-T] (1).
